Sarojini Naidu
Why in News
• Sarojini Naidu’s death anniversary is on 02 March 2022. Sarojini Naidu became the first governor of Uttar Pradesh after independence. During his tenure, he died of a heart attack on March 02, 1949. Sarojini Naidu was very intelligent since childhood.
Key point
• Sarojini Naidu was also a great poet. He started writing poems at the age of 12. Influenced by his poems, Mahatma Gandhi gave him the title of ‘Nightingale of India’ or ‘Bharat Nightingale’.
• Sarojini Naidu was born on 13 February 1879 in Hyderabad in a Bengali family.
• He topped the matriculation examination from Madras University.
• In 1895, at the age of 16, Naidu went to England for higher education and studied there for the next three years at King’s College, London and Girton College.
• She was awarded ‘Kesar-e-Hind’ in the year 1928 for the brilliant work of Sarojini Naidu during the plague epidemic in India.
• He was elected the Governor of United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh) after the country’s independence.
• Sarojini Naidu was the first woman governor of the country. She remained in this position till her death.
• He died on 02 March 1949 at the age of 70 due to heart attack in Lucknow. On 13 February 2014, the 135th birth anniversary of Sarojini Naidu started celebrating National Women’s Day in India.
• Sarojini Naidu started her literary career only at the age of 12. He rose to fame with his play ‘Maher Munir’.
• She considered Gopalkrishna Gokhale as her ‘political father’. He took part in the freedom struggle of India.
• Impressed by his speeches, Gandhiji gave him the title of ‘Bharat Nightingale’.
GS PAPER II
Indian Army banned 89 apps
Why in News
• Indian Army has banned 89 apps. The army has instructed its officers and employees to immediately remove all the apps included in the ban from their smartphones.
Key point
• Now Indian soldiers will also not be able to use social media from their smart phones. The Chinese apps that the government has banned include apps like Tiktok, Helo and Camscanner.
• After the clash with the Chinese army in Galwan that took place recently, there was opposition to the Chinese business of Chinese goods in India.
• After this, 59 apps were banned by the central government in terms of security. After this, now the Indian Army has also taken a similar decision in terms of security.
• The Indian Army has asked its personnel to remove 89 apps, including Facebook, Tik Tok, Truecaller and Instagram, from their smartphones to prevent information leaks.
• According to the Indian Army, in the recently issued instructions to the army personnel, along with the Daily Hunt News app, dating apps like Tinder, Couch Surfing, and Pub-G have also been asked to remove Pub-G in games. A banned list has been issued by the army for all these apps.
• After the Indian government on various foreign apps, the drastic steps taken by the army have another meaning. They are that now India is going to make rapid strides towards self-reliance in the matter of apps.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi has also tried to convey the same by giving an app challenge to the countrymen. Calling for making the country self-reliant in terms of apps, he said that India has full potential to make the best apps globally.
Restricted apps
• Messaging Platforms: We Chat, QQ, Kik, Aw Woh, Nimbuzz, Helo, Q Zone, Share Chat, Viber, Line, IMO, Snow, To Talk, Hike.
• Video Hosting: Tik Tok, Likee, Samosa, Kwali
• Content Sharing: Share It, Gender, Zapya
• Web Browser: UC Browser, UC Browser Mini
• Video & Live Streaming: Live Me, Bigo Live, Zoom, Fast Films, We Met, Up Live, Vigo Video
• Utility Apps: Cam Scanner, Beauty Plus, True Caller
• Gaming Apps: PUBG, Nono Live, Clash of Kings, All Tencent Gaming Apps, Mobile Legends
• E Commerce: Ali Express, Kalb Factory, Gear Best, China Brands, Bang Good, Minin the Box, Tiny Deal, DHH Gate, Lighten the Box, DX, Eric Desk, Joful, TBdress, Modality, Roggal, Sheen, Romv
• Dating Apps: Tinder, Truly Madly, Happen, Isle, Coffee Meets Baijal, Woo, Ok Cupid, Hinge, Azar, Bumble, Tannatan, Elite Singles, Tazed, Couch Surfing
• Anti Virus: 360 Security
• NW: Facebook, Baidu, Instagram, Allo, Snapchat
• News Apps: News Dog, Daily Hunt
• Online Book Reading: Transcript, Vocal
• Health App: Heal of Y
• Lifestyle App: PopExo
• Knowledge App: Vocal
• Music Apps: Hungama, Songs.PK
• Blogging/Micro-blogging: Yelp, Tumbir, Reddit, Friends Feed, Private Blogs
Set deadline
• In the recently issued instructions for Indian soldiers, along with news apps like Daily Hunt, dating apps like Tinder, Couch Surfing have also been asked to be removed.
• The army has set a deadline till July 15 for this.
Background
• After the clash with the Chinese army in Galwan that took place recently, there was opposition to the Chinese business of Chinese goods in India.
• After this, in terms of security, the central government also took a big step like banning a total of 59 Chinese apps including Tiktok.
• After the decision of the Government of India, these apps have also been removed from Google Play. However, in smartphones that already have these apps, they will continue to work. Therefore, the army had to issue a fresh order to all the personnel associated with its department to delete all such apps.
GS PAPER II
Vacuum bomb
• Recently Ukraine has accused Russia of using banned clusters and vacuum bombs.
Key point
• The ongoing war between Ukraine and Russia has now intensified. The battle which was earlier being fought on the basis of only a few weapons, now tankers, rockets and missiles are all being actively used.
• On behalf of Russia, the attacks have been intensified by siege of the Ukrainian capital Kyiv. Meanwhile, Russia has been accused by Ukraine of using vacuum bombs.
• Ukraine’s ambassador to the US alleged that the banned weapon was being used by Russia.
vacuum bomb
• Vacuum bombs are also called thermo baric weapons. This bomb is one of the most powerful non-nuclear weapons ever developed.
• This weapon is banned under the Geneva Conventions. Russia developed the vacuum bomb in 2007. The weight of this bomb is 7100 kg.
• Vacuum bombs are high-powered explosive weapons, which use the atmosphere to increase their firepower manifold.
• After the vacuum bomb explodes, it tears the internal organs of the people around. It also has the potential to turn cities into rubble.
• Heavy destruction occurs after its use.
• Oxygen is used extensively in vacuum bombs. This bomb makes a huge explosion by absorbing oxygen. The use of this bomb can cause heavy damage to the enemy country.
• Many international organizations have banned the use of this bomb. According to media reports, in the year 2016 also Russia used the same vacuum bomb against Syria.
• This vacuum bomb is believed to be capable of detonating 44 tons of TNT. They produce much more powerful explosions than conventional weapons.
• Vacuum bombs cause the most destruction compared to conventional weapons due to the use of surrounding oxygen.
GS PAPER II
Armed Forces Privileges Act
Why in News
• The Assam government on March 01, 2022, has once again extended the controversial Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSFA) in the state by six months.
Key point
• The extension of AFSPA will be effective from 28 February 2022. This information was given by an official notification.
• The official notification states that after reviewing the law and order situation in Assam in the last six months, the state government has declared the entire state of Assam as a disturbed area for six months with effect from February 28, 2022.
• Recently Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma had said that some rationalization is expected about the controversial Act in the current year.
• AFSPA was implemented in Assam in November 1990 and has been extended every six months. The Assam government had extended the status of the disturbed region in the state for six months with effect from August 28 last year.
AFSPA Act
• Under AFSPA, the security forces are empowered to conduct raids, conduct operations in any area and issue arrest warrants or arrests against any person without any prior notice.
• In addition, the forces also get the benefit of prescribed exemption under AFSPA in case of failure in any operation.
• This law is implemented in any state or any area only when the state or central government declares that area as a ‘disturbed area’.
• Army or armed forces are sent there only after the implementation of this law. The right to take action against any suspicious person comes as soon as the Army or Armed Forces Act comes into force.
• Under this law, the armed forces can search any house without a warrant and for this the necessary force can also be used.
• One does not have to wait for orders from anyone to fire under this law.
• Under this law, if someone is killed in firing, then the soldier will not even be tried for murder.
• Under the AFSPA law, the army can prevent five or more people from gathering in one place.
GS PAPER III
Unmanned submersible
Why in News
• China’s unmanned submersible recently set a record for the world’s deepest dive under the ocean.
Key point
• During this time the submersible collected samples from the deep ocean and also took high quality images of the geological environment.
• “Haidu-1” in the Mariana Trench Abyss went under 10 thousand meters four times, even reaching 10,907 meters of sea depth.
• A submersible is a submersible machine that is often used for scientific research.
• China’s submersible “Haidu-1” has made a record of reaching the world’s deepest region ‘Mariana Trench’ located within the Pacific Ocean.
• According to the report of the official news agency Xinhua, the members of the expedition team are associated with the Shengyang Institute of Automation, affiliated to the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
• Team members reported that the submersible landed four times in Challenger Deep, located in the Mariana Trench, 10,000 meters above sea level. The team of scientists left for the expedition on 23 April 2020 and returned on 08 June 2020.
• Recently Ukraine has accused Russia of using banned clusters and vacuum bombs.
Key point
• The ongoing war between Ukraine and Russia has now intensified. The battle which was earlier being fought on the basis of only a few weapons, now tankers, rockets and missiles are all being actively used.
• On behalf of Russia, the attacks have been intensified by siege of the Ukrainian capital Kyiv. Meanwhile, Russia has been accused by Ukraine of using vacuum bombs.
• Ukraine’s ambassador to the US alleged that the banned weapon was being used by Russia.
vacuum bomb
• Vacuum bombs are also called thermo baric weapons. This bomb is one of the most powerful non-nuclear weapons ever developed.
• This weapon is banned under the Geneva Conventions. Russia developed the vacuum bomb in 2007. The weight of this bomb is 7100 kg.
• Vacuum bombs are high-powered explosive weapons, which use the atmosphere to increase their firepower manifold.
• After the vacuum bomb explodes, it tears the internal organs of the people around. It also has the potential to turn cities into rubble.
• Heavy destruction occurs after its use.
• Oxygen is used extensively in vacuum bombs. This bomb makes a huge explosion by absorbing oxygen. The use of this bomb can cause heavy damage to the enemy country.
• Many international organizations have banned the use of this bomb. According to media reports, in the year 2016 also Russia used the same vacuum bomb against Syria.
• This vacuum bomb is believed to be capable of detonating 44 tons of TNT. They produce much more powerful explosions than conventional weapons.
• Vacuum bombs cause the most destruction compared to conventional weapons due to the use of surrounding oxygen.
GS PAPER II
Armed Forces Privileges Act
Why in News
• The Assam government on March 01, 2022, has once again extended the controversial Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSFA) in the state by six months.
Key point
• The extension of AFSPA will be effective from 28 February 2022. This information was given by an official notification.
• The official notification states that after reviewing the law and order situation in Assam in the last six months, the state government has declared the entire state of Assam as a disturbed area for six months with effect from February 28, 2022.
• Recently Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma had said that some rationalization is expected about the controversial Act in the current year.
• AFSPA was implemented in Assam in November 1990 and has been extended every six months. The Assam government had extended the status of the disturbed region in the state for six months with effect from August 28 last year.
AFSPA Act
• Under AFSPA, the security forces are empowered to conduct raids, conduct operations in any area and issue arrest warrants or arrests against any person without any prior notice.
• In addition, the forces also get the benefit of prescribed exemption under AFSPA in case of failure in any operation.
• This law is implemented in any state or any area only when the state or central government declares that area as a ‘disturbed area’.
• Army or armed forces are sent there only after the implementation of this law. The right to take action against any suspicious person comes as soon as the Army or Armed Forces Act comes into force.
• Under this law, the armed forces can search any house without a warrant and for this the necessary force can also be used.
• One does not have to wait for orders from anyone to fire under this law.
• Under this law, if someone is killed in firing, then the soldier will not even be tried for murder.
• Under the AFSPA law, the army can prevent five or more people from gathering in one place.
GS PAPER III
Unmanned submersible
Why in News
• China’s unmanned submersible recently set a record for the world’s deepest dive under the ocean.
Key point
• During this time the submersible collected samples from the deep ocean and also took high quality images of the geological environment.
• “Haidu-1” in the Mariana Trench Abyss went under 10 thousand meters four times, even reaching 10,907 meters of sea depth.
• A submersible is a submersible machine that is often used for scientific research.
• China’s submersible “Haidu-1” has made a record of reaching the world’s deepest region ‘Mariana Trench’ located within the Pacific Ocean.
• According to the report of the official news agency Xinhua, the members of the expedition team are associated with the Shengyang Institute of Automation, affiliated to the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
• Team members reported that the submersible landed four times in Challenger Deep, located in the Mariana Trench, 10,000 meters above sea level. The team of scientists left for the expedition on 23 April 2020 and returned on 08 June 2020.